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[轉貼] 人類基因圖譜先鋒John Sulston命盤

人類基因圖譜先鋒 諾貝爾醫學獎得主薩爾斯頓逝世

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出版時間:2018/03/10 21:23
  
英國科學家薩斯頓。美聯社

憑着對人類基因圖譜的前瞻性研究,在2002年榮獲諾貝爾醫學獎的英國科學家薩斯頓(John Sulston)逝世,享壽75歲。

薩斯頓創辦的威康桑格研究所昨天證實他的死訊,但未透露死亡時間及死因。研究所總監斯特拉頓讚揚他是「偉大的科學夢想領袖,為當世的知識帶來歷史性、標誌性的貢獻,創立定義21世紀科學的目標及議程」,「他熱情及不屈不撓地投入研究,讓基因數據毫無限制地公開,我們現在能自由使用數據,很大程度歸功於他的領導」。

薩斯頓1963年畢業於劍橋大學,先後到美國加州從事研究工作及加入科學家布倫納(Briton Sydney Brenner)在英國劍橋大學的分子細胞實驗室,二人在1990年公佈線蟲的基因圖譜。2002年,薩斯頓、布倫納及霍維茲(H. Robert Horvitz)共同獲頒諾貝爾醫學獎,表揚他們拆解基因控制細胞分裂的機制,幫助醫學界了解癌症形成。

薩斯頓在1992年創辦桑格中心,出任主管至2000年,該機構至今仍是基因研究界的泰山北斗。(國際中心/綜合外電報導) 

 
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約翰·蘇爾斯頓[編輯]

維基百科,自由的百科全書
約翰·蘇爾斯頓
(Sir John Sulston)
John Sulston.jpg
約翰·E·蘇爾斯頓肖像 Public Library of Science (PLOS)
出生 John Edward Sulston
1942年3月27日(75歲)[1]
英國,劍橋
國籍 英國
公民權 英國
母校 劍橋大學 (BA, PhD)
知名於 Genome sequencing ofCaenorhabditis elegans andhumans[2][3][4][5]
Sulston score[6]
細胞凋亡
配偶 Daphne Edith Bate(1966年結婚)[1]
兒女 1兒, 1女[1]
獎項
網站 sanger.ac.uk/people/faculty/honorary-faculty/john-sulston
科學生涯
研究領域
機構
論文 Aspects of oligoribonucleotide synthesis (1966)
博士導師 Colin Reese[10]
受影響於

約翰·愛德華·蘇爾斯頓爵士,CHFRS英語:Sir John Edward Sulston,1942年3月27日),博士皇家學會會員,英國科學家,因發現器官發育和細胞程序性細胞死亡(細胞程序化凋亡)的遺傳調控機理,與雪梨·布倫納H·羅伯特·霍維茨一起獲得2002年諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎。截至2014年他是曼徹斯特大學 科學,倫理與創新研究所的主席[12][13][14][15][16][17]

蘇爾斯頓出生於劍橋[1][18][19][20],父親是法政牧師Arthur Edward Aubrey Sulsto和母親是Josephine Muriel Frearson (née Blocksidge)[1][21]

 

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF

 

 

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John Sulston

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sir John Sulston
CH FRS
John Sulston.jpg
John Sulston portrait from the Public Library of Science (PLOS)
Born John Edward Sulston
27 March 1942[1]
Fulmer, Buckinghamshire, England
Died 6 March 2018 (aged 75)
Nationality English
Citizenship Britain
Education Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood
Alma mater University of Cambridge (BA, PhD)
Known for Genome sequencing ofCaenorhabditis elegans andhumans[2][3][4][5]
Sulston score[6]
Apoptosis
Spouse(s) Daphne Edith Bate (m. 1966)[1]
Children 1 son, 1 daughter[1]
Awards
Website sanger.ac.uk/people/faculty/honorary-faculty/john-sulston
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
Thesis Aspects of oligoribonucleotide synthesis (1966)
Doctoral advisor Colin Reese[10][11]
Influences

Sir John Edward Sulston, CH FRS (27 March 1942 – 6 March 2018) was a British biologist and academic. For his work on the cell lineage andgenome of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, he was jointly awarded the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Sydney Brenner andRobert Horvitz. He was Chair of the Institute for Science, Ethics and Innovation at the University of Manchester.[13][14][15][16]

Early life and education[edit]

Sulston was born in Fulmer, Buckinghamshire, England[17] to parents The Reverend Canon Arthur Edward Aubrey Sulston and Josephine Muriel Frearson (née Blocksidge).[1][18] His father was an Anglican priest and administrator of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel. An English teacher at Watford Grammar School, his mother quit her job to care for him and his sister Madeleine.[19] His mother home-tutored them until he was five. At age five he entered the local preparatory school where he soon developed aversion to games. He instead developed an early interest in science, having fun with dissecting animals and sectioning plants to observe their structure and function.[11] Sulston won a scholarship to Merchant Taylors' School, Northwood[1] and then to Pembroke College, Cambridge graduating in 1963 with a Bachelor of Arts[1] degree in Natural Sciences (Chemistry). He joined the Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, after being interviewed by Alexander Todd[11][20] and was awarded his PhD in 1966 for research in nucleotide chemistry.[10]

Career[edit]

Between 1966 and 1969 he worked as apostdoctoral researcher at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in the US.[18] His supervisor Colin Reese[10][11] had arranged for him to work with Leslie Orgel, who would turn his scientific career onto a different pathway. Orgel introduced him to Francis Crick and Sydney Brenner, who were working in Cambridge. He became inclined to biological research.[19]

Although Orgel wanted Sulston to remain with him, Sydney Brenner persuaded Sulston to return to Cambridge to work on the neurobiology of Caenorhabditis elegans at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB). Sulston soon produced the complete map of the worm's neurons.[21] He continued work on its DNA and subsequently the whole genome sequencing. In collaboration with the Genome Institute at Washington University in St. Louis the whole genome sequence was published in 1998,[22] [23] so that C. elegans became the first animal to have its complete genome sequenced.[24]

Sulston played a central role in both the C. elegans[3] and human genome[25] sequencing projects. He had argued successfully for the sequencing of C. elegans to show that large-scale genome sequencing projects were feasible. As sequencing of the worm genome proceeded, the project to sequence the human genome began. At this point he was made director of the newly-established Sanger Centre (named after Fred Sanger[26]), located in Cambridgeshire, England.

Following completion of the 'working draft' of the human genome sequence in 2000, Sulston retired from his role as director at the Sanger Centre. With Georgina Ferry, he narrated his research career leading to the human genome sequence in The Common Thread: A Story of Science, Politics, Ethics, and the Human Genome (2002).[27]

Awards and honours[edit]

Sulston was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1986.[8] His certificate of election reads:

John Sulston is distinguished for his work on the molecular and developmental genetics of Caenorhabditis elegans. His initial research was in the field of chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides. Sulston began his work on C. elegans in 1974 characterising its DNA. Since then he has carried out a wide range of genetical and developmental studies on the nematode but his major research has been on the developmental lineage and mutations that affect it. In a series of studies, culminating in a paper published in 1983, Sulston has analysed and described the total cell lineage of the nematode making it the first organism for which the origin of every cell is exactly known. This work is the basis for the study of mutations affecting lineages and is the foundation on which detailed studies of development in this organism will be based. Sulston has now turned his attention to an analysis of the genome of C. elegans and was constructing a total physical map using a novel method of analysing cloned DNA fragments.[28]

He was elected an EMBO Member in 1989[7] and awarded the George W. Beadle Award in 2000.[9] In 2001 Sulston gave the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures on The Secrets of Life. In 2002 he won the Dan David Prize and the Robert Burns Humanitarian Award. Later, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[29] with Sydney Brenner and Robert Horvitz, both of whom he had collaborated with at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB), for their discoveries concerning 'genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'. One of Sulston's most important contributions during his research years at the LMB was to elucidate the precise order in which cells in C. elegans divide. In fact, he and his team succeeded in tracing the nematode's entire embryonic cell lineage. Sulston was a leading campaigner against the patenting of human genetic information.

In 2006, he was awarded the George Dawson Prize in Genetics by Trinity College Dublin [30]. In 2013, Sulston was awarded the Royal Society of New Zealand's Rutherford Memorial Lecture, which he gave on the subject of population pressure.[31]

He was appointed a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) in the 2017 Birthday Honours for services to science and society.[32]

On October 23rd 2017, he was awarded the Cambridge Chemistry Alumni Medal. [33]

Personal life[edit]

The Sulston Laboratories of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute are named in Sulston's honour.

John Sulston met Daphne Bate, a research assistant in Cambridge[17]. They got married in 1966[17] just before they left for US for postdoctoral research. Together they had two children. Their first child, Ingrid, was born in La Jolla in 1967, and their second, Adrian, later in England.[34] Sulston's grandson Micah was born in 2001, followed by his granddaughter Kira in 2003. The couple lived in Stapleford, Cambridgeshire where they were active members of the local community: John regularly volunteered in the local library and in working parties at Magog Down; he was a Trustee of Cambridge Past, Present and Future.[35]

Although brought up in a Christian family, Sulston lost his faith during his student life at Cambridge, and remained an atheist.[11][18] He was a distinguished supporter of Humanists UK.[36] In 2003 he was one of 22 Nobel Laureates who signed the Humanist Manifesto.[37]

Sulston was in favour of free public access of scientific information. He wanted genome information freely available, and he described as "totally immoral and disgusting" the idea of profiteering from such research. He also wanted to change patent law, and argued that restrictions on drugs such as the anti-viral drug Tamiflu by Roche are a hindrance to patients whose lives are dependent on them.[18]

Sulston provided bail sureties for Julian Assange, according to Mark Stephens, Julian's solicitor.[38] Having backed Julian Assange by pledging bail in December 2010, he lost the money in June 2012 when a judge ordered it to be forfeited, as Assange had sought to escape the jurisdiction of the English courts by entering the embassy of Ecuador.[39][40]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sulston

 

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